Light and Human Health: An Overview of the Impact of Optical Radiation on Visual, Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Responses

Light and Human Health: An Overview of the Impact of Optical Radiation on Visual, Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Responses

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IES TM-18-18
Document Type: Technical Memorandum (TM)

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SKU: IES TM-18-18 Category: Tag:

Product Description

Light is currently defined as optical radiation entering the eye that provides visual sensation in humans. Despite this specific vision-related definition, light has been increasingly related to a range of ocular circadian, neuroendocrine, neurobehavioral, and therapeutic responses in humans. Technically, the term optical radiation should be used to describe the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum spanning ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation that stimulates all these biological responses. In brief, this document describes the retinal mechanisms involved when optical radiation signals are converted into neural signals for vision and for other body functions. This includes acute effects such as suppressing pineal melatonin production, elevating morning cortisol production, increasing subjective alertness, enhancing psychomotor performance, changing brain activation patterns to a more alert state, elevating heart rate, increasing core body temperature, activating pupil constriction, and even stimulating circadian clock gene expression.

Page count: 28 pages
Publisher: Illuminating Engineering Society (2018)
SKU: ANSI/IES TM-18-18
ISBN-13: 978-0-87995-369-0

Chapters:

  • 1.0 Introduction
    2.0 Overview of the Retina
    3.0 Overview of the Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Responses to Optical Radiation
    4.0 Lighting Characteristics Affecting the Visual System
    5.0 Optical Radiation Characteristics Affecting the Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Systems
    6.0 Measuring Optical Radiation for Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation
    7.0 Conclusions

CONTENTS

  • 1.0 Introduction
  • 2.0 Overview of the Retina
  • 2.1 Classical Visual Photoreceptors
  • 2.2 Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Photoreceptors
    2.2.1 Identifying Photopigments
    2.2.2 Action Spectra
    2.2.3 Studies Using Blind Animals
    2.2.4 The Discovery of Melanopsin
    2.2.5 New Photoreceptor Identified
    2.2.6 Short-Wavelength Visible Spectral Sensitivities Characterized
    2.2.7 Experiments with Transfected Cells
    2.2.8 Spectral Sensitivity Inconsistencies
    2.2.9 Melanopsin Regeneration
    2.2.10 Circadian Clock Uses Novel Receptor System
    2.2.11 Key Mediator Role for the ipRGCs
  • 3.0 Overview of the Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Responses to Optical Radiation
  • 3.1 Resetting the Circadian Clock
  • 3.2 Desynchronized Pacemaker in Blind Individuals
  • 3.3 Photic Signal Pathways
  • 3.4 Organs with Peripheral Clocks
  • 3.5 Circadian Clock Markers
  • 4.0 Lighting Characteristics Affecting the Visual System
  • 4.1 Quantity
  • 4.2 Spectrum
  • 4.3 Timing
  • 4.4 Duration
  • 4.5 Spatial Distribution
  • 5.0 Optical Radiation Characteristics Affecting the Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Systems
  • 5.1 Quantity
  • 5.2 Spectrum
  • 5.3 Timing
  • 5.4 Duration
  • 5.5 Light Distribution
  • 5.6 Adaptation (Photic History)
  • 6.0 Measuring Optical Radiation for Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation
  • 7.0 Conclusions
  • References