Lighting Science: Vision – Perceptions and Performance

Vision – Perceptions and Performance

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ANSI/IES LS-8-20
Document Type: Lighting Science (LS)

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SKU: ANSI/IES LS-8-20 Category: Tag:

Product Description

Approved American National StandardLighting is one of the components of the built environment that enables our visual perceptions and provides for human visual performance. This document provides an overview of visual perceptions and performance, covering topics such as brightness, glare, flicker, visibility, and illuminance criteria. It introduces scientific literature and past research results but does not serve as a complete literature review on any specific topic. The document provides basic descriptions and background of visual phenomena in order to guide lighting practitioners. This document begins with a review of psychophysics, the primary method of study for perception and performance, in order to help readers understand the strength and limitations of the provided material.

Page count: 44 pages
Publisher: Illuminating Engineering Society (2020)
SKU: ANSI/IES LS-8-20
ISBN-13: 978-0-87995-384-3

Chapters:

  • 1.0 Introduction and Scope
    2.0 Psychophysics: Studying Perceptions and Performance
    3.0 Basic Parameters of the Visual Stimulus
    4.0 Visual Perceptions
    5.0 Visual Performance
    6.0 The Bases for Lighting Recommendations

Citation Format:
Illuminating Engineering Society. ANSI/IES LS-8-20, Lighting Science: Vision – Perceptions and Performance. New York: IES; 2020.

CONTENTS

  • 1.0 Introduction and Scope
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Scope
  • 2.0 Psychophysics: Studying Perceptions and Performance
  • 2.1 Characteristics of Useful Psychophysical Relationships
    2.1.1 Statistical Significance
    2.1.2 Effect Size
    2.1.3 Reliability
    2.1.4 Specificity
    2.1.5 Cause
  • 2.2 Characteristics of Weak Psychophysical Relationships
  • 2.3 Psychophysics and Lighting
  • 3.0 Basic Parameters of the Visual Stimulus
  • 3.1 Light Entering the Eye
  • 3.2 Retinal Illuminance
  • 3.3 Visual Size
    3.3.1 Visual Angle
    3.3.2 Solid Angle
  • 3.4 Contrast
    3.4.1 Luminance Contrast
    3.4.2 Chromatic Contrast
  • 3.5 Threshold and Suprathreshold Visibility
    3.5.1 Threshold Visibility
    3.5.2 Suprathreshold Visibility
  • 3.6 Spatial Summation
  • 3.7 Visual Acuity
    3.7.1 Types of Acuity
    3.7.2 Factors Affecting Visual Acuity
    3.7.3 Measures and Expressions of Acuity
  • 3.8 Contrast Sensitivity
    3.8.1 Threshold Contrast
    3.8.2 Spatial Contrast Sensitivity Functions
    3.8.3 Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity
  • 3.9 Temporal Contrast Sensitivity
    3.9.1 Temporal Summation: Single Flashes of Light
    3.9.2 Flicker: Repeated Flashes of Light
    3.9.3 Temporal Contrast Sensitivity Functions
  • 3.10 Color Perception
  • 4.0 Visual Perceptions
  • 4.1 Visual Constancy
  • 4.2 Appearance
    4.2.1 Object Appearance Attributes
    4.2.2 Appearance Modes
  • 4.3 Brightness
    4.3.1 Object Brightness
    4.3.2 Spatial Brightness
  • 4.4 Glare
    4.4.1 Discomfort Glare
    4.4.2 Disability Glare
  • 4.5 Veiling Reflections
  • 4.6 Temporal Light Modulation (Flicker)
    4.6.1 Current Flicker Metrics
    4.6.2 Waveform Measurement Efforts
    4.6.3 Research Needs in the Area of TLM and TLR
  • 4.7 Form and Depth Perceptions
    4.7.1 Form and Pattern Perceptions
    4.7.2 Role of Spatial Vision in Edge Detection
    4.7.3 Lighting’s Effect on Form and Pattern Perception
    4.7.4 Depth Perception and Size
    4.7.5 Shape
  • 4.8 Shadows
  • 4.9 Visual Comfort
  • 4.10 Subjective Impressions
  • 4.11 Lighting and Behavior
  • 5.0 Visual Performance
  • 5.1 Viewing Time, Search, and Task Eccentricity
  • 5.2 Suprathreshold Visual Performance
    5.2.1 Spectrum
  • 5.3 Improving Visual Performance
    5.3.1 Changing the Task
    5.3.2 Changing the Lighting
  • 6.0 The Bases for Lighting Recommendations
  • 6.1 Research Results
    6.1.1 Individual Differences and Uncertainties
    6.1.2 Competing and Overlapping Design Goals
    6.1.3 Consensus
  • 6.2 An Illuminance Determination System
    6.2.1 Factors Considered
    6.2.2 Basis for an Illuminance Determination System
    6.2.3 Adjusting for Spectrum
    6.2.4 Application of Recommended Illuminance Targets
    6.2.5 Illuminance Ratios
  • 6.3 Luminance Recommendations
    6.3.1 Brightness Basis
    6.3.2 Factors
    6.3.3 Recommendations