Lighting Airport Outdoor Environments

CONTENTS

• 1.0 Introduction and Scope
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Scope
• 2.0 Characteristics of Airport Areas
• 2.1 Aprons: Commercial (Air Carrier), General Aviation, Cargo, Hangar
  2.1.1 Aircraft Stand
  2.1.2 Aircraft Parked Position
  2.1.3 Aircraft Service Area
• 2.2 Other Airside Areas
  2.2.1 De-icing/Anti-icing Facilities
  2.2.2 Fuel Facilities
  2.2.3 Ground Service Equipment Storage Areas
  2.2.4 Engine Run-Up or Test Area
  2.2.5 Other Facilities
• 2.3 Landside Areas
  2.3.1 Departure and Arrival Areas
  2.3.3 Surrounding Road Systems
  2.3.4 Signage
  2.3.5 Staffed Secure Access Point
  2.3.6 Parking
• 2.4 Tunnel Lighting
• 2.5 Laser Sensitive Area
• 2.6 Heliport and Vertiport Areas<
  2.6.1 Heliport, Helipad, and Helistop
  2.6.2 Vertiport and Vertistop
  2.6.3 FATO, TLOF, and Safety Area
  2.6.4 Parking, Passenger, and Cargo Areas
  2.6.5 Helicopter Maintenance and Wash Rack Areas
  2.6.6 Refueling and Recharging Points and Fuel Storage
• 2.7 Other Lighting
• 3.0 Visual Issues
• 3.1 Control Tower Issues
• 3.2 Pilot Issues
  3.2.1 Approaching the Airport
  3.2.2 Rollout
  3.2.3 Taxiing
  3.2.4 Aircraft Parking
  3.2.5 Helicopter Lighting Precautions
• 3.3 Vehicle-Pedestrian Conflicts
• 3.4 Security
• 3.5 Night Vision Device Compatibility Consideration
• 4.0 Design Criteria
• 4.1 Visibility Concerns
  4.1.1 Horizontal Illuminance
  4.1.2 Vertical Illuminance
  4.1.3 Uniformity Ratio
  4.1.4 Glare
  4.1.5 Shadows
  4.1.6 Appearance of Space and Luminaires
  4.1.7 Color Appearance of Objects
  4.1.8 Identification of Faces
  4.1.9 Identification of Objects
  4.1.10 Height and Position of Poles
  4.1.11 Security and Safety
  4.1.12 Emergency and Standby Power
  4.1.13 Use of Specific Task Lighting
  4.1.14 Light Loss Factors
• 4.2 Aviation Special Conditions
  4.2.1 Lighting Near an Airport
  4.2.2 Glare Control
  4.2.3 Glare at Tower
  4.2.4 Glare at Aircraft
• 4.3 Aprons: Commercial (Air Carrier), General Aviation, Cargo, Hangar
  4.3.1 Aircraft Stand
  4.3.2 Passenger Boarding and Deplaning
  4.3.3 Loading and Unloading Baggage and Catering
  4.3.4 Loading and Unloading at Cargo Facility
  4.3.5 Other Aircraft Service Operations
  4.3.6 Mechanical Checks and Preflight Inspections
  4.3.7 Fueling Operations
• 4.4 Other Airside Areas
  4.4.1 De-icing and Anti-icing Facilities
  4.4.2 Fuel Facilities
  4.4.3 Ground Service Equipment (GSE) Storage Areas
  4.4.4 Engine Run-Up and Test Area
  4.4.5 Other Facilities
• 4.5 Landside Areas
  4.5.1 Departure and Arrival Areas
  4.5.2 Walkways between Parking Facility and Terminal
  4.5.3 Surrounding Roadways
  4.5.4 Signage
  4.5.5 Staffed Secure Access Point
  4.5.6 Parking Areas
• 4.6 Tunnels
• 4.7 Helipad Apron Floodlighting
• 4.8 Other Lighting
  4.8.1 The Use of Fixed Floodlights at an Airport
  4.8.2 The Use of Portable Floodlights at an Airport
• 5.0 Essential Safety and Security Lighting
• 6.0 Environmental Conditions
• 6.1 Light Pollution and Light Trespass
• 6.2 Boundary Limit Concepts
  6.2.1 Lighting Ordinances
  6.2.2 Outdoor Site-Lighting Performance (OSP)
  6.2.3 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED^®)
• 6.3 Ecological Aspect
• 6.4 Sustainable Development
• Annex A – Illuminance Recommendations
• Annex B – Field Measurements and Performance Evaluations of Apron Lighting
• Annex C – Maintenance Considerations
• Annex D – Lighting Equipment
• Annex E – Glossary of Airport and Aviation Terms
• Annex F – Suggested Additional Reading
• References