Recommended Practice: Supporting the Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Lighting in Interior Daytime Environments

CONTENTS

• Preface
• 1.0 Introduction and Scope
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Scope
• 2.0 Definitions
• 3.0 Circadian, Neuroendocrine and Neurobehavioral Responses to Light
• 3.1 Light Detection at the Eye
• 3.2 Circadian Regulation
• 3.3 Daytime Acute Responses to Light Exposure
• 3.3.1 Immediate Responses
• 3.3.2 Cumulative Responses
• 3.3.3 Delayed Responses
• 3.4 Summary of Human Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Light
• 4.0 Measurement of Light for Physiological Responses
• 4.1 Light Spectrum
• 4.2 Where to Measure
• 4.3 Photometry and Radiometry
• 4.4 Lighting Equipment, Room Geometry and Finishes, and Individual Location
• 5.0 Lighting to Enhance Circadian Entrainment, Alertness, and Performance In Daytime Environments
• 5.1 General Principles for Lighting Recommendations for Daytime Functioning
• 5.1.1 The Mistaken Use of “Circadian” in the Physiological Effects Lexicon
• 5.1.2 Designing for Circadian Response vs. Designing for Behavioral Effects
• 5.1.3 Designing for Both Visual and Physiological Functions
• 5.2 Lighting Design Considerations
• 5.2.1 Environment Assessment
• 5.2.2 Parameters the Designer Can Influence
• 5.2.2.1 Illumination at the Eye
• 5.2.2.2 Spectrum of the Light Reaching the Eye
• 5.3 Calculating Physiological Effects
• 5.3.1 Relevant Visual Lighting Metrics
• 5.3.1.1 Luminous Flux
• 5.3.1.2 Luminous Efficacy of Radiation (LER)
• 5.3.1.3 Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (Melanopic EDI)
• 5.3.1.4 Melanopic Daylight Equivalency Ratio (Melanopic DER)
• 5.3.1.5 Spectral Effects From Room and Object Surfaces
• 5.3.2 Safety and Technical Considerations
• 5.3.2.1 Blue-Light Hazard
• 5.3.2.2 Use of “Blue-Enriched” Sources
• 5.3.2.3 Energy Efficiency
• 5.3.2.4 Glare
• 5.3.2.5 Temporal Light Modulation
• 5.3.2.6 Occupant Population Sensitivities
• 5.3.3 Decision Making to Support Physiological Effects
• 5.4 Design Process
• 5.4.1 Diagrams of Design and Construction Tasks
• 5.4.2 Predictive Modeling Examples
• 5.5 Forecasting Light and Human Health Areas of Interest
• 5.5.1 Ongoing Research
• 5.5.2 IES Light and Human Health Committee’s Considerations
• 5.5.2.1 Continuous Maintenance
• 5.5.2.2 Series of Recommended Practices
• Annex A – Metrics and Models
• A.1 Predictive Model Use Example: Melanopic EDI
• A.1.1 Open Office Model Input Values
• A.1.2 Simulation Results
• A.1.3 Simulation Results Summary
• A.2 Other Metrics and Models
• A.2.1 Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML)
• A.2.2 M/P Ratio
• A.2.3 Circadian Stimulus (CS)
• A.2.4 Recent Translational Approaches
• Annex B – Scientific Background
• B.1 Light Source and Research Quality Considerations
• B.2 Learning That Response to Light Was Not Dependent on Vision
• B.3 Photodetection and Visual System Connections
• B.4 Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Responses to Light
• B.4.1 Melatonin Suppression
• B.4.2 Circadian Phase Setting
• B.4.3 Alertness
• B.4.3.1 Measuring Alertness
• B.4.3.2 Nighttime
• B.4.3.3 Daytime
• B.4.3.4 Evening
• B.5 Effects of Age
• References