Description, Measurement, and Estimation of Sky Glow
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ANSI/IES TM-37-21
Document Type: Technical Memorandum (TM)
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Product Description
This document provides guidance on means of reducing human contributions to light in the night sky and information on estimating the relative effectiveness of the different options available. It describes the causes, characteristics, and potential impacts of human-based sky glow, and provides the current state of the science for conducting estimations to facilitate its quantification and control. Virtually all lighting applications with exposure to the exterior environment fall within this purview, including street and area lighting, sports lighting, signage and advertisement lighting, industrial lighting, light escaping the interior of commercial and residential buildings via windows, and landscape lighting. The beginning steps of a proactive response from the lighting community toward addressing the panoply of concerns are presented in the most well-rounded and practical manner possible. Improved understanding and estimation of the associated sources, quantities, characteristics, and resulting behaviors of light entering the night sky are essential components of a comprehensive remediation strategy.
Page count: 44 pages
Publisher: Illuminating Engineering Society (2021)
SKU: ANSI/IES TM-37-21
ISBN-13: 978-0-87995-410-9
Chapters:
- 1.0 Introduction and Scope
2.0 Effects of Light Output, Distribution, and Spectral Content on Sky Glow
3.0 Characteristics of Lighting Applications
4.0 Calculating Sky Glow From Lighting Characteristics
5.0 Introduction to Modeling Approaches and Issues
6.0 Means of Measuring Sky Glow
7.0 General Recommendations for Reducing Sky Glow
Citation Format:
Illuminating Engineering Society. ANSI/IES TM-37-21, Technical Memorandum: Description, Measurement, and Estimation of Sky Glow. New York: IES; 2021.
CONTENTS
- 1.0 Introduction and Scope
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Scope
- 2.0 Effects of Light Output, Distribution, and Spectral Content on Sky Glow
- 2.1 Light Output and Distribution
2.1.1 Uplight
2.1.2 Reflected Light
2.1.3 Scattered Light - 2.2 Spectral Content
2.2.1 Spectral Behavior in the Atmosphere
2.2.2 Spectral Influences on Astronomical Observation - 3.0 Characteristics of Lighting Applications
- 3.1 Spectral Properties of Light Sources Commonly Used in Exterior Applications
- 3.2 Lighting Characteristics of Related Applications
- 4.0 Calculating Sky Glow From Lighting Characteristics
- 4.1 Phase I – Production and Migration of Light Into the Night Sky
- 4.2 Phase II – Interactions of Light With Atmospheric Conditions
- 5.0 Introduction to Modeling Approaches and Issues
- 5.1 Variability and Uncertainty in Estimating Scattering
5.1.1 Wavelength Dependence
5.1.2 Source Emission Angle - 5.2 Models and Approximations
- 6.0 Means of Measuring Sky Glow
- 6.1 Human Visual Indicators of Sky Glow Impact
6.1.1 Naked-Eye Limiting Magnitude
6.1.2 Number of Stars Visible
6.1.3 Comparing Indicators - 6.2 Night Sky Radiance Measurement
6.2.1 Single-Channel Measurements
6.2.2 Imaging Array Measurements
6.2.3 Spectroscopic Instruments - 7.0 General Recommendations for Reducing Sky Glow
- 7.1 Eliminate Unnecessary Lighting
- 7.2 Eliminate Uplight
- 7.3 Reduce Lumen Output
7.3.1 Reducing the Initial Lumen Package
7.3.2 Reducing Output via Dimming - 7.4 Control Spectral Content
- 7.5 Set Appropriate Expectations
- 8.0 Glossary
- Annex A – Sky Glow Comparison Tool
- References